Responsibility

Ponds constructed on sandy or permeable soils are most likely to have high seepage rates. Ponds built in any soil can seep if improperlty constructed. 

One of the chief limitations for the tuna aquaculture industry is its primary dependence on diminishing wild fish to stock marine cages. 

Speece cones are capable of providing high concentrations of dissolved oxygen or ozone for water used in aquatic systems. High pressure within the cone systems diffuses the oxygen or ozone into the water as it flows downward through the inverted cone shape of the units. 

Through the integration of aquaculture and the involvement of residents, the U.S. state of Delaware is working to restore its native oyster populations. 

As an alternative to pond production, U.S. scientists have developed bio-secure greenhouse-enclosed raceways for intensive shrimp production with limited water exchange. 

Hatcheries produce Korean rockfish seedlings in indoor tanks for sorting and grading. The fish grow well at relatively low water temperatures in net cages. 

In a study comparing U-shaped plastic culture tanks to concrete raceways in a 31-week grow-out of trout fingerlings showed the plastic tanks offered lower costs, easy modification, transportability and reduced labor for cleaning. 

Authors found the biofilter unit portion of the Intensive Bioproduction Korean system originally developed for nitrification can remove suspended solids. 

The Hydraulically Integrated Serial Turbidostat Algal Reactor (HISTAR) developed at Louisiana State University superimposes contaminant control techniques on a continuous algal production system. 

Aquaculture ponds typically have ideal conditions for the growth of various species of phytoplankton. Green algae are considered most desirable in freshwater ponds. 

Ponds should be fertilized a few days after chlorine application to encourage the regrowth of natural food organisms before introducing postlarvae. 

The authors have begun a project to further investigate stock enhancement as a tool for rebuilding depleted lingcod stocks in Puget Sound in Washington, USA. 

Lake Kariba, on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border, has no industry, few people, high-quality freshwater and an average year-round temperature of 27 degrees-C, all features that can support aquaculture. 

In a recent study, the authors set up a series of temperature-controlled tanks to determine the effects of temperature variation on biofilter performance. 

Todays' shrimp farm technologies include biosecurity protocols, stocking densities according to pond design and aeration levels, and best practices for pond preparation and feed and water management.