Responsibility

Pesticides, herbicides and fungicides may control pests and noxious vegetation, but environmental and health concerns call for responsible chemical use. 

Industrial aquaculture parks that employ hyperintensive culture technology are a promising alternative for further land-based seafood production. They offer wide siting options, efficient land and water resource use, and high-density, high-yield production output. In Project Raceways, a five-nation consortium is developing protocols for the culture of several highly valuable species of marine fish in raceway systems. 

In research on collective marketing involving 32 small-scale fish farmers in Cameroon, 12 made a profit, which sparked further local interest in the concept. 

Phosphorus from uneaten feed and feces of culture animals can cause excessive phytoplankton growth and associated degradation of water quality. 

Floating raceways can be put in ponds, reservoirs, or sheltered waters as small-scale production systems for fingerlings or short-term nursery environments. 

In the water of aquaculture systems, certain bacteria transform potentially toxic ammonia to nontoxic nitrate through nitrification. 

Freshwater fish culture is practiced in every state in Brazil, primarily at small-scale earthen pond facilities, but til­ap­ia culture in reservoir cages is increasing. 

As reflected in a survey by the authors, rising productivity and higher yields have made pangus culture more profitable than carp farming. 

To further development of freshwater fish farming in Papua New Guinea, farmers need improved supplies of fingerlings and appropriate training and extension services. 

Alkalinity is an index of the capacity of water to neutralize acidity. Hardness represents the sum of calcium and magnesium concentrations. Both values vary greatly in freshwater sources. 

India farmers are considering ways to boost production. If approved on a wider basis, production of Pacific white shrimp could boost overall yields. 

A project in Canada is assessing the industrial potential for integrated multitrophic aquaculture in raising kelps and blue mussels along with salmon. 

Carp polyculture with other species originally established through government projects has grown in India thanks to the application of advancing technologies and private financial investments. 

Simple tools can take water and sediment samples to monitor quality variables in aquaculture ponds. Water surface samples provide limited information, while water column sampling delivers more specific data. 

Polyculture production boosts fish and/or shellfish biomass and harvests by maximizing the different feeding habits and habitat preferences of varied culture species.