Responsibility
A promising strategy to increase fish production in static aquaculture ponds, the In-Pond Raceway System (IPRS) grows fish confined at high densities in floating or fixed raceways, instead of the animals being free in the pond.
Health & Welfare
Nitrite, an intermediate compound in the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen to nitrate by nitrifying bacteria in soil and water, is considerably more toxic than nitrate. Exposure to nitrite causes gill lesions and edema in the skeletal muscles of fish, and also affects respiration.
Responsibility
The reliability of trace element analyses reported by custom laboratories cannot be checked by simple techniques, and results may not always be accurate. One should check the reliability of major ion analyses by determining the charge balance and comparing the measured total ion concentration with the total ion concentration estimated from conductivity.