Health & Welfare
Vaccines are a proven, cost-effective method to prevent infectious diseases in animals. Current vaccinations for fish can be categorized as killed fish vaccines or modified live vaccines.
Health & Welfare
Witholding feed from channel catfish during the manifestation of enteric septicemia is a common practice, but discontinued feeding after an ESC challenge increased mortality.
Health & Welfare
In a challenge study of catfish families identified as resistant or susceptible to enteric septicemia (ESC), immune response was activated 24 hours earlier in resistant families and bacterial levels were suppressed.