Responsibility
The authors believe that dry-out periods likely destroy most organisms in pond bottoms, and liming of the entire bottom area should be done only to neutralize soil acidity and increase pH for organic matter decomposition by soil microorganisms.
Responsibility
The main pond bottom soil management practices used in semi-intensive culture are pond dry-out and liming between crops. These practices accelerate organic matter decomposition, neutralize soil acidity and destroy unwanted organisms.
Responsibility
Adding nitrogen and phosphorus to natural waters can cause eutrophication. Discharge of these nutrients from aquaculture operations is under U.S. government evaluation.