Responsibility
Assessing, reducing pond seepage
Ponds constructed on sandy or permeable soils are most likely to have high seepage rates. Ponds built in any soil can seep if improperlty constructed.
Health & Welfare
Lab evaluation methods quantify probiotic benefits
Due to the inherent complexities of field testing, definitive laboratory-based test methods can better quantify probiotic benefits.
Responsibility
Mechanical water circulation aids pond water quality
Mechanical water circulation can prevent stratification and provide more dissolved oxygen near pond bottoms. Strong water mixing can also control algae growth.
Responsibility
Feeding affects pond water quality
Feeding allows much greater production of fish and shrimp, but nutrients in feed are not converted completely to fish or shrimp flesh.
Responsibility
Probiotics’ enhancement of soil, water quality examined
Probiotics used as bottom soil and water quality enhancers are primarily cultures of living bacteria, enzyme preparations, or the two combined.
Responsibility
Floating skimmers improve water quality in tanks, ponds
In aquaculture, foam fractionation involves the use of a protein skimmer to remove dissolved organic compounds from aquaculture systems.
Responsibility
Organic matter in pond bottom sediment
Organic matter – including fertilizers, unconsumed feed and feces of culture animals – settles to pond bottoms, often with a negative impact on water quality.
Health & Welfare
Water quality concerns may move up food chain
Consumer interest in water quality may prompt industry to further limit chemical use and improve biosecurity programs as an alternative to antibiotics.
Health & Welfare
Determining ion concentrations for Litopenaeus vannamei culture in freshwater
Future increases in U.S. shrimp farming are likely to be inland, which entails the use of ground waters with an ion concentration vastly different from seawater.
Responsibility
Anion-cation balance in water
The ionic composition of inland well water can vary from suitable to toxic to cultured animals. Reliable data on concentrations of major cations (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium) and major anions (bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride) is therefore important in the management of waters for inland shrimp farming.